The DeBardeleben Case: A Shocking Story of a Counterfeiter, Killer, Kidnapper, and Serial Rapist

How the Secret Service used a counterfeiting investigation to the find the victims of James DeBardeleben

Counterfeiters and murder

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The Mall Passer doesn’t sound like the name of a serial killer. And technically, it isn’t. It’s the name of a counterfeiter hunted by the Secret Service for four years, whose arrest led to the discovery of a trove of evidence and constellation of crimes not at all related to counterfeiting, and much more disturbing.

This is the story of James Mitchell “Mike” DeBardeleben and the reverse investigation that occurred as the Secret Service searched for his victims following his arrest in 1983 in Tennessee for passing and manufacturing fake $20 bills, which he used to buy small items at malls across the country, pocketing the change and thereby making a profit.

James DeBardeleben
James Mitchell “Mike” DeBardeleben
The Evidence

The Secret Service was first established in 1865 to combat counterfeiting (one of the many fascinating facts that can be gleaned from the DeBardeleben case). The agency was in the midst of investigating DeBardeleben when they stumbled across, in his car and storage units in Virginia, police paraphernalia, handcuffs, photos of nude and bound women, guns, women’s underwear, newspaper clippings of other people’s crimes, notes and diaries, and audio tapes, all found while searching for the printing press he used to make the counterfeit bills.

Most disturbing were the photos, notes, and audio tapes. The tapes recorded the torture and sexual assault of several women, who investigators surmised were abducted when DeBardeleben posed as a police officer to lure them into his car.

The notes detailed his plans, goals, and tasks, including the type of women and torture he desired, details on how to abduct women, and ideas on how to be more attractive to women and control them. This evidence more than sparked the curiosity of the investigators, Secret Service Agents Greg Mertz, Dennis Foos, Mike Stephens, and Jane Vezeris, who were determined to find the unknown victims and put names to their faces and the crimes committed against them. Were these women murdered? Kidnapped? Sexually assaulted? DeBardeleben refused to talk, and the FBI declined to get involved without any names of victims.

The Investigation

The Secret Service pushed on and sent the photos of the unknown women to law enforcement agencies across the US. Some police departments contacted the Secret Service with matches to open cases regarding abduction, sexual assault, and other crimes. And there was an FBI case in Maryland, the kidnapping and rape of Laurie Jensen, which finally spurred the FBI’s involvement.

Lucy Alexander and Elizabeth Mason

The FBI was able to identify DeBardeleben in photos he appeared in with the victims, some showing parts of his body (but not his face), by matching freckles and moles on his body to the body in the photos. This was key to the prosecution, along with handwriting analysis and eyewitness testimony from women who could identify themselves in the photos and tapes.

The Prosecution

He was charged with kidnapping, sexual assault, robbery, sodomy, armed robbery, and aggravated criminal sexual assault in Delaware, Maryland, Connecticut, Missouri, Virginia, and New Jersey. In the end, DeBardeleben was sentenced to 375 years for counterfeiting, kidnapping, attempted robbery, and sodomy. The victims of these crimes include Jensen, Lucy Alexander, Elizabeth Mason, Dianne Overton, Maria Santini, and David Starr.

It seems nothing was off-limits for this jack-of-all-crimes. He was also indicted for the murders of Jean McPhaul in Louisiana and Edna Terry McDonald in Rhode Island, but was never tried for these murders, as prosecutors felt that the 375-year sentence for his other crimes would keep him in prison for the rest of his life. Rightly so, as he died of pneumonia in prison in 2011. Investigators speculate that he may have committed many more crimes involving up to 200 victims, including the murder of Joe Rapini, and may have been a serial killer.

Where to Watch the Case

Hear No Evil, The New Detectives, and Cruel Deception (an FBI Files special) capture the many twists of the DeBardeleben case. Hear No Evil includes excerpts from the audio tapes (omitting the most graphic parts), while Cruel Deception includes photos of the evidence found during the investigation, as well as some of DeBardeleben’s notes.

The New Detectives looks at the story from the perspective of the FBI profiler who examined the case, and incorporates some photos of evidence, but none of the audio. The case is also detailed in Stephen G. Michaud’s book Beyond Cruel: The Chilling True Story of America’s Most Sadistic Killer, previously published as Lethal Shadow: The Chilling True-Crime Story of a Sadistic Sex Slayer.

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Learn more about the case in Hear No Evil (“The Sound of Terror,” Season 1, Episode 5), The New Detectives (“Mind Hunters,” Season 2, Episode 1), and Cruel Deception.


Show: Hear No Evil

Audio evidence is the key to solving murder cases in this chilling true crime show

About Hear No Evil

A snippet of audio is played. Graphic. Unsettling. You won’t know who the voice is—the victim or the killer—until almost the end of the episode. That’s how Hear No Evil compels you to watch and takes you on a twisty and suspenseful ride towards a big reveal.

It’s the type of true crime show that makes you think, this case could be a movie. Take “The Sound of Terror” (Season 1, Episode 5), for instance, which starts with Secret Service agents talking about a counterfeiting case and ends up in a place surprising to even the investigators.

A companion to See No Evil, Hear No Evil places audio recordings at the center of episodes, recordings of murders themselves, or events leading up to them, recordings that end up being the key to solving the case and often changing detectives’ initial impressions of the suspect. No need for narration here; the recordings and police interviews speak for themselves.

True crime shows

The Show Elements

Seasons: 1 (2017)

Where to stream: Amazon Prime Video, Hulu, and Discovery+

More shows like Hear No Evil: See No Evil, The Murder Tapes, Confessions of a Serial Killer, Lies, Crimes & Video

See also this list of true crime shows

✓ Police interviews
✓ Trial clips
✘ Narration
✓ Re-creations
✘ Experts
✓ Victims’ families and friends


Latest Posts

Show: Cold Case Files

Detectives solve cold cases through forensics and other techniques

Cold Case Files

About Cold Case Files

Cold Case Files comes in two flavors: the classic series narrated by Bill Kurtis (sometimes called Cold Case Files Classic) and the re-boot narrated by Danny Glover and later Kurtis. Kurtis’ mellifluous voice will make you sleepy, but the cases are too absorbing and the writing too deftly crafted to nap through.

From serial killers to serial rapists, episodes feature one to two stories each and focus on investigative techniques used to crack cold cases, particularly DNA and other forensics, including forensic anthropology, entomology, and even botany. Forensic specialists appear on the show and sometimes demonstrate the steps of the methods they used to help unravel a cold case, such as DNA testing, fingerprint identification, or sculptural reconstruction of the face, providing a fascinating look inside the field.

This true crime show doesn’t dwell on the victim’s background or suspect’s trial and instead leads viewers through the strategies used to solve long-unsolved cases. The newer version of Cold Case Files has more re-creations and less narration, allowing those involved to tell their stories in their own words. Convicted offenders sometimes offer their accounts of the crimes, and sometimes even fess up to them.

True crime shows

The Show Elements

Seasons: 9 (1999-2012, 2017-)

Where to stream: Amazon Prime Video, The Roku Channel, Hulu, Netflix, Peacock, and Discovery+

More shows like Cold Case Files: Forensic Files, The New Detectives, Unsolved Mysteries, Cold Justice, American Justice

See also this list of true crime shows

✓ Police interviews
✓ Trial clips
✓ Narration
✓ Re-creations
✘ Experts
✓ Victims’ families and friends


Latest Posts

Show: Murder in the Heartland

Small towns learn that they aren’t immune to murder

About Murder In The Heartland

A sleepy small town is awakened by a shocking murder. So is the premise of Murder in the Heartland.

Similar to Heartland Homicide and Murder Comes to Town, this true crime show focuses on homicides occurring in quiet, languid small towns across the US, rural areas not just in the “heartland” of the country. From Idaho to Indiana, the show travels to small towns to interview families and detectives in their surroundings, showing them going about their daily lives, feeding pets or making dinner, as they tell the stories of the murders (with motives ranging from robbery to jealousy) that changed them forever. It’s a slice of life that illustrates the ordinariness of their lives in juxtaposition with shocking murders that jarred them from a normal existence supposedly safe from murder.

Murder in the Heartland combines interviews with detectives and victims’ families and friends, photos of ordinary family life, re-creations, and police interviews, and omits any narration, letting those involved tell the stories themselves. Detectives sometimes walk the audience through the crime scene, adding another realistic element to the story.

True crime shows

The Show Elements

Seasons: 6 (2017-)

Where to stream: Amazon Prime Video, The Roku Channel, Hulu, and Discovery+

More shows like Murder in the Heartland: Murder Comes to Town, Heartland Homicide, Hometown Homicide

See also this list of true crime shows

✓ Police interviews
✘ Trial clips
✘ Narration
✓ Re-creations
✘ Experts
✓ Victims’ families and friends


Latest Posts

Show: Killer Siblings

Siblings kill together in disturbing murder cases

About Killer Siblings

A certain dance occurs when two people plot a murder together, and Killer Siblings delves into these types of homicide cases. It focuses on those involving siblings (and sometimes additional perpetrators) who murder strangers, acquaintances, and even members of their own families.

Some of the stories are about minors, making the cases even more disturbing, and the show provides insight into what can happen when two people feed off of each other, with tragic consequences.

Detectives and others involved in the cases share their investigation stories, victims’ loved ones detail their experiences, and police interviews and trial clips complete the stories, along with information on the family and criminal background of the siblings.

Even though it follows the formula of most true crime series, the show’s focus on killer siblings is the most unsettling aspect, that two or more people from the same family could have a predisposition for murder. It leaves viewers wondering, maybe nature is at work here.

True crime shows

The Show Elements

Seasons: 3 (2019-)

Where to stream: Hulu and Peacock

More shows like Killer Siblings: Twisted Sisters, Snapped: Killer Couples

See also this list of true crime shows

✓ Police interviews
✓ Trial clips
✓ Narration
✓ Re-creations
✘ Experts
✓ Victims’ families and friends


Latest Posts

Show: Homicide for the Holidays

Murder doesn’t take time off for the holidays

About Homicide for the Holidays

A peaceful, snowy Christmas. Thanksgiving dinner. New Year’s celebrations. None are safe from murder, as Homicide for the Holidays illustrates through cases during what is supposed to be a happy holiday season.

Narrated by the very journalistic-sounding Chris Hansen (To Catch a Predator), the series showcases murders that happened on or around the holidays, and the tangled motivations behind them, including family murders, mass murders, spree killings, intimate partner homicides, and even a case in Santa Claus, Georgia.

Episodes first set the scene with descriptions of the festive atmosphere of the cities and towns, along with home videos and photos of the victims and their families during past holiday celebrations. Then, through heartbreaking testimonials by survivors and family members, stories from detectives, and re-creations, the show details the often shocking murders that occurred, the ensuing investigations, and the impact of the murders on the victims’ families, changing their holidays forever.

True crime shows

The Show Elements

Seasons: 4 (2016-)

Where to stream: Hulu and Peacock

More like Homicide for the Holidays: check out the individual episodes listed in 22 True Crime TV Episodes That Will Make You Want to Skip Thanksgiving, 26 True Crime TV Episodes with a Not-So-Merry Christmas, and New Year’s Murders: 16 True Crime Episodes to Watch on New Year’s Eve

See also this list of true crime shows

✓ Police interviews
✓ Trial clips
✓ Narration
✓ Re-creations
✘ Experts
✓ Victims’ families and friends


Latest Posts

Show: Murder Comes to Town

Murder fractures the facades of small towns

About Murder Comes to Town

Murder Comes to Town is a show that is as quiet as the small towns where the murder cases occurred, murders that fractured their tranquil facades and made residents think twice about leaving their doors unlocked.

Through re-creations (with dialogue), stories told by investigators and victims’ families and friends, a little background on the towns themselves, and sometimes police interviews, episodes detail murders that come to small towns across the US. They range the gamut from drug-related crimes, to crimes between romantic partners, to robberies.

The show is narrated by voice actor Joe Alaskey (a highlight for fans of creepy narration), who sounds like the voice-child of Paul Winfield and Vincent Price. Alaskey reads words like “murder” and “bloody corpse” with a chill that seems to ripple across the screen. Following Alaskey’s death in 2016, actor Anthony Call took over narration duties in the fourth and fifth seasons.

The true crime show is a reserved storyteller that gets the point across without a lot of drama or flash.

Murder Comes to Town
Photo by Josh Sorenson on Pexels.com

The Show Elements

Seasons: 5 (2014-2018)

Where to stream: Hulu, Amazon Prime Video, Discovery+, and the Roku Channel

More shows like Murder Comes to Town: City Confidential, Murder in the Heartland, Hometown Homicide, Heartland Homicide

See also this list of true crime shows

✓ Police interviews
✘ Trial clips
✓ Narration
✓ Re-creations
✘ Experts
✓ Victims’ families and friends


Latest Posts

Show: The Last 24/A Time to Kill

Detectives follow the timeline of a victim’s last 24 hours

About the Last 24

The Last 24 (also called A Time to Kill) is a fairly typical true crime show that uses the framework of the last 24 hours of a victim’s life to recount the investigation into their murder.

The show focuses on whether or not the alibis of various suspects in the victim’s circle fit into the their timeline and time of death. Detectives investigating the case first narrow down the time of death, then go through each of the suspects’ alibis and days, looking for points where they intersect with the victim’s last 24 hours.

The Last 24 provides a window into the investigative process and illustrates how detectives rule out suspects, often having to go back to someone they had initially discounted. Despite the timeline framing device, it has all of the usual nuts and bolts of a true crime series: re-creations, narration, outside experts (criminology, psychology, forensic pathology, law, and others), and some police interviews, but very little attention paid to the trial. Many of the cases are covered in other shows, such as Dateline.

True crime shows

The Show Elements

Seasons: 5 (2018-)

Where to stream: True Crime Network, Hulu, Amazon Prime Video, Discovery+

More shows like The Last 24/A Time to Kill: Dateline: The Last Day

See also this list of true crime shows

✓ Police interviews
✘ Trial clips
✓ Narration
✓ Re-creations
✓ Experts
✓ Victims’ families and friends


Latest Posts